Electric incandescent lamp.



E. BECKWTB. ELEGTmG WGANDESGENT LAM?, AEPL'IOATEON ILED JANZZ, 1912.

L p i 299 55@ Patented Dec. 29, i914.

*a w' if u i u lll le Titti@ lime ELECTEIC lWCi-NDESCENT LMP.

op rrr .O llc, lo aortica.

Specification oi' Letters Patent.

rasanten nee. sa, isis.

Lipiicetlon ,tiled January 2.2, 1912. Serial No. 672,685.

To riZZlufwm. t may concern lle it known that l. EDWARD l). Bnoitwrri, a citizen oi the United States, residing at Harrison, county ot lutnaiii, and State of Xen' York, have invented certain new and useful fliiiprovenieiits in Electric Incandeseeiit Lamps, fully described and represented ed at one or more points in order to prevent vbreakage due to the `iars or vibrations to which the lamp is subjected. lt is eustomaiff, therefore, in such lamps to provide a holder for the filament which is supported within the bulb, the filament being in contact with the holder at a number .ot points. the number of contact points depending upon tlfe length of the iilaiiient'to be. used and the size oil3 the bulb.

The tungsten laiiient lamps non' `generally used comprise a central @dass standard or rod iiitoivliich is fused, a-nurnoer of sup porting,r u'iies of' electric conducting; niaterial, such as copper, tungsten or iiiolybdenuiii, or some substance capable oi with :standingl the high temperature of the lilament. The ends or". these 'ivires are nia'de hook' shape, and the. iilainent is strung or supported on the hooks. ln this construe tion, the central `glass standard not only serves to carry the supporting; Wires, but also to insulate them 'from each other, so that short circuiting is prevented. iflie supporting Wires used in such constructions are goed heat conductors and'there is considerable cooling of the filament at its points ol" Contact therewith, rlliis is especially true when the supporting Wires are of copper which is the material generally employed. This cooling of the filament results in a measurable loss of light and a consequent reduction in the candle po'iver and efficiency oil the lamp. 'Further, the supporting Wires become sufficiently heated to cause the cceliided ,gases in the Wires to ed',

thus impairiiig the vacuum ot the lamp. Again, the central support is rigid or still, and an external shock, even when it does not break the support is liable to break the filament. Further, since the central glass rod must be of considerable size and located. between the. lighted body and the part ot the llanient ou the side opposite the body, the rod materially reduces the candle power oi' the lamp.

ln another construction of lanip a support was provided comprising a central glass staiii'laril carrying; supporting hooks made oil: tlioria. These hooks were usually prepared b v 'forming a ivet compound of pulvei'i/:ei'l tlioriz and a'earboiiaceous ma terial, inoldiney the coinpond into tlireadlilre strips, bending the strips to shape, and then burningout the cai'bouaeeous material. These thoifia hooks were then tied to the {Ilass standard b v slioi't'ivires which were tused into the standard at one end and into the tlioria holders at the other end.

:inotlier construction o'l holder involved the employment of a small molded block of refractory combinations or' tantaluiii, niobiuni and vanadium, or similar comparatively intusible metals, the block being car ricd. by an anchored wire.

The constructions last referred to had the advantage of acting` as heat insulators, but it was found in practice that 'they gave oil considerable gas, thereby iinpairing the vacuum ot the lamp. ln order to avoid this, these molded holders had to be pre-` pared by special processes of manufacture, and as the materials of these holders were very expensive and the processes of manufacture were also expensive, the cost of such holders was exceedingly high. Further, such molded holders .were fragile. For these reasons, the. commercial use of the holders referred to has been' discontinued, and the holders now employed .almost universally are of the type irstdescribed em bodying the glass staiidard and the metal supporting hooks.

The present invention has of the lamp and is flexible, thus enabling the lamp to withstand sliocl s,.so that break? age is reduced.'

for Iits object produce an incandescent lamp having a' holder tor the lilament which not only. pre-.

' ani'cter,

found to be excellent for this purpose.

A further object of the invention is to produce an improved incandescent lamp in which a comparatively slender and flexible standard, such, for instance, as wire, is employed and a filament holder, the filament being insulated 'from the holder at the point or points of contact therewith.

With these and other objects not specifically referred tor-lin vieiv the invention coin. sista in certain constructions and in certain parts, will be hereinafter fully specifically pointed out. y

ln the accompanying drawings, the figure illustrates, in section, and partly in sec tiem an electric incandescent lamp constructed in accordance with the invention. 'leferring to said drawing, l indicates the usual glass bulb, 2 the threaded cap, and the usual insulating section through which the leadingfin wires, indicated at 4, pass. hese partsare or may be of usual construction. Vliamp's constructed in accordance with the invention will employ a holder for positioning' the filament in the lamp. Tvlhile the construction ofthe holder may be varied Within wide, limits, Lhe holder may Well comprise a comparativelyy slender central standard from which extends a number of metallicsupports. Excellent results are attained by usine a central'standard'made of steel Wire, 5, say, about twenty mills in dias suoli a Wire does not interfere to any considerable degree 'with the horizontal candle power of thedamp, and has the fun ther advantage that it is flexible and can' ield to external shock, liability of breakage of the filament.l standard may' be supported in the insulating section for the leading-in Wires, ing fused therein, as indicated in the drawing.

lVhen the invention is embodied iinI a lamp comprising 'a central holder there may be employed inconnection therewith a' number of supports 6 lupon' which the filament is strung. These supports may, as indicated inthe tirar-fing, consist of very lightgwire 7 iyhich may be conveniently connectedto the central standard bybeingxwound upon it.

y in lamps embodying the invention, the holder, wliatei'er be its construction in otherrespects, will be coated at the points of contact with the filament therewith, with an insulating material which has high heat -antf electri" insulating fatalities and wliiehldoes not gi v'e oli gas under the Aconditions in 'which the lamp used. Compositions which include glass as ani ingredient have been successfully used, a composition con` sisting of bauxite 2 parts, clagy 1.5 parts, and glass Q parts by weight having been rlhe insulating.material employed may be variously applied. ln using the composition rcferi'ed to, it may be satisfactorily applied improvements and combinations asf described and then c ed from the supporting wires.

lamps to be. constructed which. the

thus lessening the Y, This by beelectric and heat incassa by making itv into. a thin paste Winn Water Vand dipping the supports into the paste,

{vai-ied, and the filament may be supported rat as many points within the lamp as may Ybefound to be desirable.

This is of great importance, as it enables a great variety of differing in light distribution or concentration. Further, since a central glass support is not required for insulating purposes a slender and comparatively flexible sup'port may be used, thus decreasing the liability of breakage of the filament. Such a slender support has the further advantage that it does not. cut off theV horizontal candle power of the lamp which is, therefore, slightly higher than in lamps in which a comparatively large central glass support is employed.

As has been indicated, changes andvariations maybe made in the construction by invention is carried into effect. rEhe invention is not, therefore, to be conlined tothe particularconstruction hereinbefore described and illustrated inthe ac@w companying draivinff.

1. In an electric incandescent lamp, the combination `with the filament, of a holder for determining the position of the filament, the holder being coated at thepoint of contact with the filament with arefractory material having high electric and heat insulating qualities. A

2. ln an electric incandescent lamp, the combination with the filament, of a flexible metallic holder for determining the position of the filament, the holder being coated with refractory insulating material at the point or points of' contact therewith.

,di ln an electric incandescent lamp, the combination with the filament, ct a metallic holder lcomprising a wire standard, and

means for supporting the filament at a nuin lier oi points, the supporting means being coatedat the points of contact with the filament' with a refractory material having high insulating qualities.

4.' .in an electric incandescent lamp, the combinationwith the filament, of' a metallic holder comprising a central Wire standard, and means for supporting the filament at a number of points, the supporting means being coated at the points of contact With the llG masses" n iilanient with a reractory material having iiigl'i electric and heat insulating qualities.

in an electric incandescent lamp, the

combination with the filament, of a flexible metallic holder for determining the position of the lilanient, the holder beingr coated at the point or points of contact with the. la'ment with a composition of refractory nmterial,b the composition being red on the holder.

in an electric' incandescent lamp, the combination with the filament, of a metallic holder comprising a Wire standard, and means for supporting tile liiament at a number of points, the supporting means being coated at the points ci contact with the filament with a refractory composition fired thereon, said composition having high heat and electric insulating qualities.

7. in anelectric incandescent lamp, the

Acornloimition with the lament, ofi/a iexible metallic Holder for determining the position of the ilarient, the holder being coated with a composition of refractory 'material of which glass is an element at the point or points of Contact with the filament, the :cornposition bein tired on the holder.

8. In an e ectric incandescentl lamp,` the combination with the lament, of a, metallic holder comprising a vWire standard and means for supporting the ilament at a number of points, the, supporting means being coated at the points of contact with the fila# ment with a refractory composition of which glass is an element tired thereon, said composition having high heat and electric insulating qualities. y

9.1i on electric incandescent lamp, the combil/ '.on with the filament, of a holder for delifmining the position of the filament, thlgiolderbeinig coated with a compositionconsisting of bauxite, clay and glass in substantially the proportions described tiredA thereon. I

10. In an electric incandescent'lamp, the combination With tlievilament, of a holder comprisingv a wire standard and a plurality cipally of bauxite, clay and glass.

l of Wire supports, the supports being coated vwith a refractory material consisting prinn testimony whereof, l have hereunto setmy hand, in the pressure of two subscribing Witnesses.

sovrano r. encastrer.

Witnesses E. C. Das, Hmm Biotin. 

